See below link...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZajreoQul6U
Thursday, February 11, 2021
Monday, August 31, 2020
Wednesday, July 22, 2020
Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers
Module 1: Introduction
to PLC Hardware
In this course module, the PLC
hardware is discussed. After studying this module, the student will know the
major components of a PLC and the functions of these components.
The PLC system
A programmable logic controller
consists of the following components:
Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Input modules
Output modules
and
Power supply.
A PLC hardware block diagram is
shown in Figure 1.1. The programming terminal in the diagram is not a part of
the PLC, but it is essential to have a terminal for programming or monitoring a
PLC. In the diagram, the arrows between blocks indicate the information and
power flowing directions.
Figure 1.1 PLC Hardware Block Diagram
CPU
Like other computerized devices,
there is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a PLC. The CPU, which is the
“brain” of a PLC, does the following operations:
- Updating inputs and outputs. This function allows a
PLC to read the status of its input terminals and energize or deenergize
its output terminals.
- Performing logic and arithmetic operations. A CPU
conducts all the mathematic and logic operations involved in a PLC.
- Communicating with memory. The PLC’s programs and
data are stored in memory. When a PLC is operating, its CPU may read or
change the contents of memory locations.
- Scanning application programs. An application
program, which is called a ladder logic program, is a set of
instructions written by a PLC programmer. The scanning function allows the
PLC to execute the application program as specified by the
programmer.
- Communicating with a programming terminal. The CPU
transfers program and data between itself and the programming terminal.
A PLC’s
CPU is controlled by operating system software. The operating system software
is a group of supervisory programs that are loaded and stored permanently in
the PLC’s memory by the PLC manufacturer.
Memory
Memory is the component that
stores information, programs, and data in a PLC. The process of putting new
information into a memory location is called writing. The process of
retrieving information from a memory location is called reading.
The common types of memory used
in PLCs are Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM). A ROM
location can be read, but not written. ROM is used to store programs and data
that should not be altered. For example, the PLC’s operating programs are
stored in ROM.
A
RAM location can be read or written. This means the information stored in a RAM
location can be retrieved and/or altered. Ladder logic programs are stored in
RAM. When a new ladder logic program is loaded into a PLC’s memory, the old
program that was stored in the same locations is over-written and essentially
erased.
The
memory capacities of PLCs vary. Memory capacities are often expressed in terms
of kilo-bytes (K). One byte is a group of 8 bits. One bit is a memory
location that may store one binary number that has the value of either 1 or 0.
(Binary numbers are addressed in Module 2). 1K memory means that there are 1024
bytes of RAM. 16K memory means there are 16 x 1024 =16384 bytes of RAM.
Input modules and output modules
A PLC is a
control device. It takes information from inputs and makes decisions to
energize or de-energize outputs. The decisions are made based on the statuses
of inputs and outputs and the ladder logic program that is being executed.
The input
devices used with a PLC include pushbuttons, limit switches, relay contacts,
photo sensors, proximity switches, temperature sensors, and the like. These
input devices can be AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current). The input
voltages can be high or low. The input signals can be digital or analog.
Differing inputs require different input modules. An input module provides an
interface between input devices and a PLC’s CPU, which uses only a low DC
voltage. The input module’s function is to convert the input signals to DC
voltages that are acceptable to the CPU. Standard discrete input modules
include 24 V AC, 48 V AC, 120 V AC, 220 V AC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, 120 V DC, 220 V
DC, and transistor-transistor logic (TTL) level.
The devices
controlled by a PLC include relays, alarms, solenoids, fans, lights, and motor
starters. These devices may require different levels of AC or DC voltages.
Since the signals processed in a PLC are low DC voltages, it is the function of
the output module to convert PLC control signals to the voltages required by
the controlled circuits or devices. Standard discrete output modules include 24
V AC, 48 V AC, 120 V AC, 220 V AC, 24 V DC, 48 V DC, 120 V DC, 220 V DC, and
TTL level.
Power Supply
PLCs are powered by standard
commercial AC power lines. However, many PLC components, such as the CPU and
memory, utilize 5 volts or another level of DC power. The PLC power supply
converts AC power into DC power to support those components of the PLC.
Programming Terminal
A PLC requires
a programming terminal and programming software for operation. The programming
terminal can be a dedicated terminal or a generic computer purchased anywhere.
The programming terminal is used for programming the PLC and monitoring the
PLC’s operation. It may also download a ladder logic program (the sending of a
program from the programming terminal to the PLC) or upload a ladder logic
program (the sending of a program from the PLC to the programming
terminal). The terminal uses programming
software for programming and “talking” to a PLC.
Sunday, June 21, 2020
How to Upload Parameter & Backup of Parameter for Stobber Drive Using FDS TOOLS
How to Upload Parameter
Below are steps for uploading the parameter...
Step - 1 Go to option menu and select the interface and adjust the serial communication as per your PC settings
Step- 2 Go to remote menu and click on monitor. it will show you the communication status
Step-3 Go to file menu and click on open, it will ask you the location of parameter. after open the location select parameter file and then click OK.
Step- 4 After that go to file menu and click " send to inverter" Send to inverter 0'. it will take some time to transfer the parameter.
How to Download Parameter
Step- 1 After step 2 go to the file menu and click " read from inverter" Read from inverter 0'. it will ask you for the location where you can save the parameter. After selecting the location click on OK.
Friday, June 19, 2020
Saturday, June 13, 2020
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)